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Five factors determine your FICO / VantageScore credit score. Understanding each one helps you improve faster.
The single biggest factor in your FICO / VantageScore score. Lenders check whether you pay on time, every time. Even one missed payment can drop your score significantly and stay on your report for years.
How much of your available credit you're using. FICO / VantageScore models favour utilization below 30%. Paying down balances or requesting a higher limit (without new spending) can improve this factor quickly.
FICO / VantageScore rewards longer relationships with lenders. The age of your oldest account, newest account, and average age all matter. Closing old cards can inadvertently shorten your history.
Having a variety of credit types — such as a credit card, personal loan, and home loan — signals to FICO / VantageScore models that you can manage different obligations responsibly. Don't open accounts solely for mix.
Each hard inquiry (triggered when you apply for new credit) can shave a few points off your FICO / VantageScore score temporarily. Multiple applications within a short window are treated as rate-shopping and grouped into one inquiry by most models.